Top 15 Healthy Foods for People with Kidney Disease

Researchers are discovering more and more links between chronic diseases, inflammation and “super foods” that may prevent or protect against undesirable fatty acid oxidation, a condition that occurs when the oxygen in your body reacts with fats in your blood and your cells. Oxidation is a normal process for energy production and many chemical reactions in the body, but excessive oxidation of fats and cholesterol creates molecules known as free radicals that can damage your proteins, cell membranes and genes. Heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and other chronic and degenerative conditions have been linked to oxidative damage.

However, foods that contain antioxidants can help neutralize free radicals and protect the body. Many of the foods that protect against oxidation are included in the kidney diet and make excellent choices for dialysis patients or people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Eating healthy foods, working with a renal dietitian and following a renal diet made up of kidney-friendly foods is important for people with kidney disease because they experience more inflammation and have a higher risk for cardiovascular disease.

1. Red bell peppers

1/2 cup serving red bell pepper = 1 mg sodium, 88 mg potassium, 10 mg phosphorus
Red bell peppers are low in potassium and high in flavor, but that’s not the only reason they’re perfect for the kidney diet. These tasty vegetables are also an excellent source of vitamin C and vitamin A, as well as vitamin B6, folic acid and fiber. Red bell peppers are good for you because they contain lycopene, an antioxidant that protects against certain cancers.

Eat red bell peppers raw with dip as a snack or appetizer, or mix them into tuna or chicken salad. You can also roast peppers and use them as a topping on sandwiches or lettuce salads, chop them for an omelet, add them to kabobs on the grill or stuff peppers with ground turkey or beef and bake them for a main dish.

2. Cabbage

1/2 cup serving green cabbage = 6 mg sodium, 60 mg potassium, 9 mg phosphorus
A cruciferous vegetable, cabbage is packed full of phytochemicals, chemical compounds in fruit or vegetables that break up free radicals before they can do damage. Many phytochemicals are also known to protect against and fight cancer, as well as foster cardiovascular health.

High in vitamin K, vitamin C and fiber, cabbage is also a good source of vitamin B6 and folic acid. Low in potassium and low in cost, it’s an affordable addition to the kidney diet.

Raw cabbage makes a great addition to the dialysis diet as coleslaw or topping for fish tacos. You can steam, microwave or boil it, add butter or cream cheese plus pepper or caraway seeds and serve it as a side dish. Cabbage Rolls Made with Turkey are a great appetizer, and if you’re feeling fancy, you can stuff a cabbage with ground meat and bake it for a flavorful meal bursting with nutrients.

3. Cauliflower

1/2 cup serving boiled cauliflower = 9 mg sodium, 88 mg potassium, 20 mg phosphorus
Another cruciferous vegetable, cauliflower is high in vitamin C and a good source of folate and fiber. It’s also packed full of indoles, glucosinolates and thiocyanates—compounds that help the liver neutralize toxic substances that could damage cell membranes and DNA.

Serve it raw as crudités with dip, add it to a salad, or steam or boil it and season with spices such as turmeric, curry powder, pepper and herb seasonings. You can also make a nondairy white sauce, pour it over the cauliflower and bake until tender. You can pair cauliflower with pasta or even mash cauliflower as a dialysis diet replacement for mashed potatoes.

4. Garlic

1 clove garlic = 1 mg sodium, 12 mg potassium, 4 mg phosphorus
Garlic helps prevent plaque from forming on your teeth, lowers cholesterol and reduces inflammation.  

Buy it fresh, bottled, minced or powdered, and add it to meat, vegetable or pasta dishes. You can also roast a head of garlic and spread on bread. Garlic provides a delicious flavor and garlic powder is a great substitute for garlic salt in the dialysis diet.

5. Onions

1/2 cup serving onion = 3 mg sodium, 116 mg potassium, 3 mg phosphorus
Onion, a member of the Allium family and a basic flavoring in many cooked dishes, contains sulfur compounds which give it its pungent smell. But in addition to making some people cry, onions are also rich in flavonoids, especially quercetin, a powerful antioxidant that works to reduce heart disease and protects against many cancers. Onions are low in potassium and a good source of chromium, a mineral that helps with carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism.

Try using a variety of onions including white, brown, red and others. Eat onions raw on burgers, sandwiches and in salads, cook them and use as a caramelized topping or fry them into onion rings. Include onions in recipes such as Italian Beef with Peppers and Onions.

6. Apples

1 medium apple with skin = 0 sodium, 158 mg potassium, 10 mg phosphorus
Apples have been known to reduce cholesterol, prevent constipation, protect against heart disease and reduce the risk of cancer. High in fiber and anti-inflammatory compounds, an apple a day may really keep the doctor away. Good news for people with kidney disease who already have their share of doctor visits.

This kidney diet winner can be paired with the previous good-for-you food, onions, to make a unique Apple Onion Omelet. With versatile apples you can eat them raw, make baked apples, stew apples, make them into apple sauce, or drink them as apple juice or apple cider.

7. Cranberries

1/2 cup serving cranberry juice cocktail = 3 mg sodium, 22 mg potassium, 3 mg phosphorus
1/4 cup serving cranberry sauce = 35 mg sodium, 17 mg potassium, 6 mg phosphorus
1/2 cup serving dried cranberries = 2 mg sodium, 24 mg potassium and 5 mg phosphorus
These tangy, tasty berries are known to protect against bladder infections by preventing bacteria from sticking to the bladder wall. In a similar way, cranberries also protect the stomach from ulcer-causing bacteria and protect the lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, promoting GI health. Cranberries have also been shown to protect against cancer and heart disease.

Cranberry juice and cranberry sauce are the most frequently consumed cranberry products. You can also add dried cranberries to salads or have them as a snack.

8. Blueberries

1/2 cup serving fresh blueberries = 4 mg sodium, 65 mg potassium, 7 mg phosphorus
Blueberries are high in antioxidant phytonutrients called anthocyanidins, which give them their blue color, and they are bursting with natural compounds that reduce inflammation. Blueberries are a good source of vitamin C; manganese, a compound that keeps your bones healthy; and fiber. They may also help protect the brain from some of the effects of aging. Antioxidants in blueberries and other berries have been shown to help slow bone breakdown in rats made to be low in estrogen.

Buy blueberries fresh, frozen or dried, and try them in cereal or , topped with whipped topping, in a fruit smoothie. You can also drink blueberry juice.

9. Raspberries

1/2 cup serving raspberries = 0 mg sodium, 93 mg potassium, 7 mg phosphorus
Raspberries contain a phytonutrient called ellagic acid which helps neutralize free radicals in the body to prevent cell damage. They also contain flavonoids called anthocyanins, antioxidants which give them their red color. An excellent source of manganese, vitamin C, fiber and folate, a B vitamin, raspberries may have properties that inhibit cancer cell growth and tumor formation.

Add raspberries to cereal, or puree and sweeten them to make a dessert sauce or add them to vinaigrette dressing.

10. Strawberries

1/2 cup serving (5 medium) fresh strawberries = 1 mg sodium, 120 mg potassium, 13 mg phosphorus
Strawberries are rich in two types of phenols: anthocyanins and ellagitannins. Anthocyananins are what give strawberries their red color and are powerful antioxidants that help protect body cell structures and prevent oxidative damage. Strawberries are an excellent source of vitamin C and manganese and a very good source of fiber. They are known to provide heart protection, as well as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory components.

Eat strawberries with cereal, smoothies and salad,or slice and serve them fresh or top them with whipped topping. If you’d like a more elaborate dessert, you can make strawberry pudding or sorbet, or puree and sweeten them to serve as a dessert.

11. Cherries

1/2 cup serving fresh sweet cherries = 0 mg sodium, 160 mg potassium, 15 mg phosphorus
Cherries have been shown to reduce inflammation when eaten daily. They are also packed with antioxidants and phytochemicals that protect the heart.

Eat fresh cherries as a snack or make a cherry sauce to serve with lamb or pork. Cherry juice is another way to consume this tasty food.

12. Red grapes

1/2 cup serving red grapes = 1 mg sodium, 88 mg potassium, 4 mg phosphorus
Red grapes contain several flavonoids that give them their reddish color. Flavonoids help protect against heart disease by preventing oxidation and reducing the formation of blood clots. Resveratrol, a flavonoid found in grapes, may also stimulate production of nitric oxide which helps relax muscle cells in the blood vessels to increase blood flow. These flavonoids also provide protection against cancer and prevent inflammation.

Buy grapes with red or purple skin since their anthocyanin content is higher. Freeze them to eat as a snack or to quench thirst for those on a fluid restriction for the dialysis diet. Add grapes to a fruit salad or chicken salad. Try a unique kidney diet recipe for Turkey Kabobs that feature grapes. You can also drink them as grape juice.

13. Egg whites

2 egg whites = 7 grams protein, 110 mg sodium, 108 mg potassium, 10 mg phosphorus
Egg whites are pure protein and provide the highest quality of protein with all the essential amino acids. For the kidney diet, egg whites provide protein with less phosphorus than other protein sources such as egg yolk or meats.

Buy powdered, fresh or pasteurized egg whites. Make an omelet or egg white sandwich, add pasteurized egg whites to smoothies or shakes, make deviled egg snacks,or add whites of hard-boiled eggs to tuna salad or garden salad to add extra protein.

14. Fish

3 ounces wild salmon = 50 mg sodium, 368 mg potassium, 274 mg phosphorus
Fish provides high-quality protein and contains anti-inflammatory fats called omega-3s. The healthy fats in fish can help fight diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Omega-3s also help lower low-density lipoprotein or LDL cholesterol, which is bad cholesterol, and raise high-density lipoprotein or HDL cholesterol, which is good cholesterol.

The American Heart Association1 and American Diabetes Association2 recommend eating fish at least two times a week. Fish highest in omega-3s include albacore tuna, herring, mackerel, rainbow trout and salmon.

1American Heart Association: Fish and Omega-3 Fatty Acids

2American Diabetes Association: Seafood – A Smart Choice for Diabetes

15. Olive oil

1 tablespoon olive oil = less than 1 mg sodium, less than 1 mg potassium, 0 mg phosphorus
Olive oil is a great source of oleic acid, an anti-inflammatory fatty acid. The monounsaturated fat in olive oil protects against oxidation. Olive oil is rich in polyphenols and antioxidant compounds that prevent inflammation and oxidation.

Studies show that populations that use large amounts of olive oil instead of other oils have lower rates of heart disease and cancer.

Buy virgin or extra virgin olive oil because they are higher in antioxidants. Use olive oil to make salad dressing, in cooking, for dipping bread or for marinating vegetables.

Talk to your renal dietitian about incorporating these top 15 foods for a kidney diet into your healthy eating plan. Keep in mind that these foods are healthy for everyone—including family members and friends who do not have kidney disease or are not on dialysis. When you stock your kitchen with delicious, healthy, kidney-friend foods that’s one big step to helping you do well on your kidney diet. Get more kidney diet management help with DaVita Diet Helper™
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MPLS advantages & disadvantages

MPLS advantages

Why are companies using MPLS? Here are some MPLS advantages:

Outsourced routing

 With MPLS, the carrier handles WAN routing. This means users don't have to, which makes MPLS operationally simpler than managing a large routed network. This means, in turn, that companies can keep fewer WAN/router engineers on staff.

Any-to-any connectivity

 Applications, like voice and video, feature any-to-any traffic patterns. MPLS makes it easy to interconnect sites with each other to handle these types of traffic patterns.

Built-in support for Quality of Service (QoS)

. Virtually all commercial MPLS services feature multiple levels of QoS, meaning that users can specify latency, jitter and packet loss minimum thresholds for each type of traffic (voice, video, 

email, bulk file transfers, etc.)

 This means that, for example, the MPLS network treats latency-sensitive traffic, like voice and video, preferentially over less-sensitive traffic.

Service-level agreements (SLAs)

with delivery guarantees. Like most commercial-caliber services, MPLS comes with guarantees from the carrier when it comes to installation times and availability. That's in contrast to consumer-grade Internet, which is typically offered on a best-effort basis.

Where in the WAN is MPLS used?

How are companies using MPLS? Unsurprisingly, given these MPLS advantages, the most common use for MPLS is to connect branch offices to data centers and interconnect branch offices to each other. Sixty-seven percent of benchmark participants use MPLS for this purpose. Just over half -- 52% -- are using it to interconnect data centers, and 20% say they're using it to connect remote sites.

MPLS advantages compared to WAN connectivity alternatives

As noted, MPLS is great at -- and widely used for -- interconnecting data centers and branches, and branches to each other. That level of connectivity comprises Tier 2 in the WAN architecture. What about the other two tiers?

For Tier 1 -- interconnnecting data centers -- the most common alternative to MPLS is carrier Ethernet. Carrier Ethernet is an umbrella term that covers point-to-point Ethernet, metro Ethernet, and any-to-any topologies like virtual private LAN service (VPLS). The common denominator to all these services is that they operate at Layer 2 -- where the enterprise handles all routing.

The big advantage to carrier Ethernet services is that the bandwidth is low cost (relative to the data rate) and the services are easy to set up. The downside is that carrier Ethernet services don't scale to the same order of magnitude of sites as MPLS. Because MPLS is a routed network, it can support tens of thousands of sites (and more). Carrier Ethernet, in contrast, is effectively a giant bridged network, which can't scale easily beyond a few hundred sites. So, for a small set of high-bandwidth sites like data centers, carrier Ethernet may be a better fit than MPLS. And, in fact, the most common use for Ethernet is in this Tier 1 scenario: interconnecting data centers.

At the opposite end of the WAN there's Tier 3: connecting to remote and small offices. Most companies already use Internet services to connect at least some of their remote and small offices to the WAN. Sometimes these are business-caliber Internet services (with SLAs); other times they're consumer-grade "best effort" offerings. To ensure privacy, companies may deploy encryption, including secure socket layer (SSL), IPsec, or proprietary application-layer security.

The big benefits the Internet confers over MPLS in this Tier-3 scenario are cost and ubiquity. Internet services are typically considerably cheaper than MPLS (though commercial-grade services, with SLAs, can approach MPLS in cost). And it's rare to find a location that doesn't feature at least some flavor of Internet access.

The downside? Unreliability. Consumer-grade Internet services, in particular, can be spotty, both in service quality (where the service is working, but poorly) or outright availability (where there's an outage).

So for locations where best-effort services is good enough, QoS isn't required, and ubiquity trumps reliability, Internet services make a good alternative.

The bottom line? MPLS advantages include the connectivity of data centers to branch offices, or branches to each other. For point-to-point links requiring a lot of bandwidth, or remote offices where cheap connectivity is the most important factor, Carrier Ethernet and Internet services, respectively, are solid alternatives.


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hi

hi

How To Install Axigen Mail Server on Windows server

step1==>DOWNLOAD APP
you need primary domain :Active Directory , DNS (AAA,MX)
***if you setup AXIGEN on internet :ip static DNS  ,ACD , FIREWALL recommended(iptables)
***you can use dynamic ip for AXIGEN server but use DDNS 

step2==>

TYPE: http://host:9000

USER:admin

PASS:admin password (you typed )

SAMPlE:

GOOD LUCK 

How To Prevent DDOS Attack By PHP

According the PHP part of the question;
Although I don't rely on PHP for this, it could be implemented but needs to consider all these
possiblities or more;

Attacker may change IP for each request
Attacker may pass parameter(s) to URI that target site doesn't care these parameter(s)
Attacker may restart the session before expiry ...
Simple pseudo;

<?php                                                                        
// Assuming session is already started                      
$uri = md5($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);          
$exp = 3; // 3 seconds                                              
$hash = $uri .'|'. time();                                            
if (!isset($_SESSION['ddos'])) {                              
    $_SESSION['ddos'] = $hash;                              
                                                                                   
}                                                                              
                                                                                   
list($_uri, $_exp) = explode('|', $_SESSION['ddos']);
if ($_uri == $uri && time() - $_exp < $exp) {
    header('HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable');
    // die('Easy!');
    die;
}

// Save last request
$_SESSION['ddos'] = $hash;
?>

BY qeremy
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Allow Sendmail or Postfix Traffic

#iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 25 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

#iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 25 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT      

How to define a static route for an external IP address on iptables

I'm putting a new router on our network to help manage our private network connections and to better control routing to the outside. I've decided to simplify this question by removing references to a second private network on our router (but please be aware that there are reasons for this question so the answer is not to leave the old router the default gateway).

I have the following routing in my iptables on our router:

# Allow established connections, and those !not! coming from the public interface
# eth0 = public interface
# eth1 = private interface #1 (129.2.2.0/25)
iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW ! -i eth0 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

# Allow outgoing connections from the private interface
iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT

# Masquerade (NAT)
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

# Don't forward any other traffic from the public to the private
iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j REJECT

This configuration means that users will be forwarded through a modem/router that has a public address - this is all well and good for most purposes, and in the main it doesn't matter that all computers are hidden behind the one public IP.

However, some users need to be able to access a proxy at 192.111.222.111:8080 - and the proxy needs to identify this traffic as coming through a gateway at 129.2.2.126 (the old router) - it won't respond otherwise.

I tried adding a static route on our router with:


route add -host 192.111.222.111 gw 129.2.2.126 dev eth1

I can successfully ping 192.111.222.111 from the router. When I trace the route, it lists the 129.2.2.126 gateway, but I just get * on each of the following hops (I think this makes sense since this is just a web-proxy and requires authentication).

When I try to ping this address from a host on the 129.2.2.0/25 network it fails.

Should I do this in the iptables chain instead? How would I configure this routing?


Here is the interfaces configuration for the router:


auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address     150.1.2.2
    netmask     255.255.255.248
    gateway     150.2.2.1

auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
    address     129.2.2.125
    netmask     255.255.255.128
And here is the routing table (without my static route added):

Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         eth1202.sa.adsl 0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
localnet        *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth1
129.2.2.0       *               255.255.255.128 U     0      0        0 eth1


To restate - I want traffic from 129.2.2.7 (for example) to now route through our router (129.2.2.125). But this router needs to then forward 8080 requests with the destination of 192.111.222.111 - which is somewhere the other side of the old router (129.2.2.126 - which is not manageable by us).

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5 ways to overcome appetite

1. Eat breakfast

We often hear breakfast is the most important meal of the day because it provides us with the energy and nutrients needed to improve our concentration at home, work, or school. Breakfast is also important in helping us maintain a healthy body weight and stops us from binge eating on snack foods high in fat and sugar long before it’s time for lunch. A 2013 study found adults who skip breakfast tend to have more body weight, hypertension, insulin resistance, and elevated fasting lipid concentrations. This leaves people prone to overeating later in the day and increases their risk of

developing obesity-related diseases.

2. Snack on Healthy Foods

When the uncontrollable hunger pangs begin to set in, it’s important to consume healthy snacks that can help us avoid food cravings. Consuming healthy snacks like “fruits, vegetables, lean proteins (e.g. chicken breast, fish) are great, because they contain lots of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients that our body can use in a healthy way,” said Dr. Lindsey Hoskins, a psychologist in Bethesda, Md., to Medical Daily in an email. She suggests replacing sugary drinks like juices and diet coke with water because it's a great way to feel full without consuming as many calories.

The more we eat addictive foods such as sugars, salts, fats, and carbohydrates, the more we want them. Consuming healthy fats can decrease sugars slowly to help avoid major cravings and prevent the body from experiencing rapid fluctuations in blood sugar levels. Hoskins believes if we train ourselves to enjoy healthier foods that aren’t as addictive, this can be an essential tool to cut down on binge eating.

3. Use Smaller Plates

While this may be playing tricks on your mind, it’s for a good cause — your health. Eating on smaller plates can help curb your appetite because, quite frankly, we all know the larger the plate, the more likely we are to overeat. A 2006 study found children and adults serve themselves based on a size-contrast illusion, meaning they serve and consume more cereal when given a larger plate compared to those given a smaller plate. Plate and spoon size on the serving and consumption of ice cream was also evaluated.

At home, portions are a key factor for stopping the family from overeating at family dinners. “Plate accordingly... don't make dinner 'a la carte’” Dr. Dale Fernandez, a chiropractor at the Back to Wellness Center in Los Angeles, Calif., told Medical Daily in an email. Rather, Fernandez said, place food items on everyone’s plates in the kitchen in appropriate portions. All the serving dishes should be kept in the kitchen and not on the table, as many of us do. “Seconds are never necessary,” he said.

4. Exercise

Physical activity can make us work up a sweat and even reduce our reaction to food signals post workout. Exercise is a great way to elevate our mood, help get our mind off food, and alleviate any stress. A 2012 study found exercise significantly reduced neuronal response to food, which could be detected in different areas of the brain. It also led to a significant decrease in activation in the parts of the brain that are associated with food craving, reducing incentive motivation, and reduced anticipation for food. Reduce your hunger pangs by getting a moderate amount of physical activity every day.

5. Mindful Eating

Overeating is a struggle that can be overcome with mindful eating techniques. Mindful eating includes pacing ourselves at meals and avoiding doing something distracting while we eat, such as sitting in front of the television or working on the computer. These distractions will interfere with our ability to perceive portion size, which can actually cause us to overeat. However, Kristen Smith, dietician in Atlanta, Ga., told Medical Daily in an email, those who eat fast and hardly chew their food don’t allow for the brain to recognize the flavor, nor give the food enough time to reach the stomach, and send a signal that it’s full. “I recommend to spend at least 20 minutes per meal and chew food to an applesauce consistency prior to swallowing,” Smith said.


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lumia 640 xl test camera

compare antivirus

10 Terrific Benefits of Ginger

10 Terrific Benefits of Ginger

1. Haven’t been feeling hungry? Eat fresh ginger just before lunch to stoke a dull appetite and fire up the digestive juices.

2. Ginger improves the absorption and assimilation of essential nutrients in the body.

3. Ginger clears the ‘microcirculatory channels’ of the body, including the pesky sinuses that tend to flare up from time to time.

4. Feeling airsick or nauseous? Chew on ginger, preferably tossed in a little honey.

5. Can’t stop the toot-a-thon? Gas—oops—guess what?! Ginger helps reduce flatulence!

6. Tummy moaning and groaning under cramps? Munch on ginger.

7. Reeling under joint pain? Ginger, with its anti-inflammatory properties—can bring relief. Float some ginger essential oil in your bath to help aching muscles and joints.

8. Just had surgery? Chewing ginger post-operation can help overcome nausea.

9. Stir up some ginger tea to get rid of throat and nose congestion. And when there’s a nip in the air, the warming benefits of this tasty tea are even greater!

10. Bedroom blues? Try adding a gingery punch to a bowl of soup. (Psst...the Ayurvedic texts credit ginger with aphrodisiac properties)

compare tea and coffee

compare authoritarian and totalitarian

Compare poultry Beef

Compare salmon and beef

how to prevent arp spoofing

hi all

Additional protection of potential man in the middle attack
Dynamic ARP Inspection will help us prevent Address Resolution Protocol – ARP spoofing attacks with help of DHCP functionality and specially DHCP snooping. This is why  Dynamic ARP Inspection is usually used simultaneously with DCHP snooping. Let’s se how is this technology protecting us from ARP attack.

The DHCP snooping builds a DHCP binding table in which are the MAC addresses associated with IP addresses of network devices. We can also add to this table static MAC address to IP address mappings. This will be the best thing to do when we are mapping the interfaces of the router. DHCP binding table is used by the Dynamic ARP Inspection – DAI.

ARP – What is ARP?
Purpose of ARP requests in network is to give to the device appropriate mapping of MAC address to IP address. In other words, when a network device needs to find out the MAC address that corresponds to an IP address, the device can send an ARP request. In that moment the device that has an address that we seek replies to the requesting device with an ARP reply. The ARP reply contains the requested MAC address.

Prevent ARP Spoofing using Dynamic ARP Inspection – DAI

Networks can be protected from ARP spoofing attacks using the DAI – Dynamic ARP Inspection. Dynamic ARP Inspection functionality is similar to DHCP snooping. It uses trusted and untrusted ports. ARP replies are allowed into the switch interface only on trusted ports. If an ARP reply comes to the switch on an untrusted port, the contents of the ARP reply packet will be compared to the DHCP binding table to verify its accuracy. If the ARP reply is not valid and is not in the DHCP binding table, the ARP reply is dropped, and the port is disabled.


ON CISCO SWITCH
You can configure on the router
  But bad working  in load balancy and  response other device 


Switch1(config)# ip arp inspection vlan 60      
Switch1(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/1 
Switch1(config-if)# ip arp inspection trust      

6 Proven Benefits of Apple Cider Vinegar (No. 3 is Best)

1. Apple Cider Vinegar is High in Acetic Acid, Which Has Potent Biological Effects
Vinegar is made in a two-step process, related to how alcohol is made

The first step exposes crushed apples (or apple cider) to yeast, which ferment the sugars and turn them into alcohol.

In the second step, bacteria are added to the alcohol solution, which further ferment the alcohol and turn it into acetic acid… the main active compound in vinegar.

In French, the word “vinegar” actually means “sour wine.”

Organic, unfiltered apple cider vinegar (like Bragg’s) also contains “mother,” strands of proteins, enzymes and friendly bacteria that give the product a murky, cobweb-like appearance.



2. Acetic Acid is a Potent Antimicrobial and Can Kill Some Types of Bacteria
Glass Bottle With Unfiltered Apple Cider Vinegar

Vinegar can help kill pathogens, including bacteria

It has traditionally been used for cleaning and disinfecting, treating nail fungus, lice, warts and ear infections.

However, many of these applications have currently not been confirmed by research.

Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, used vinegar for wound cleaning over two thousand years ago.

Vinegar has been used as a food preservative, and studies show that it inhibits bacteria (like E. coli) from growing in the food and spoiling it

If you’re looking for a natural way to preserve your food… then apple cider vinegar could be highly useful.

There have also been anecdotal reports of diluted apple cider vinegar helping with acne when applied on the skin, but I didn’t find any research to confirm this so take it with a grain of salt


3. Apple Cider Vinegar May Lower Blood Sugar Levels, Which is Very Useful For Diabetics
By far the most successful application of vinegar to date, is in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by elevated blood sugars, either in the context of insulin resistance or an inability to produce insulin.

However, elevated blood sugar can also be a problem in people who don’t have diabetes… it is believed to be a major cause of ageing and various chronic diseases.

So, pretty much everyone should benefit from keeping their blood sugar levels stable.

The most effective (and healthiest) way to do that is to avoid refined carbs and sugar, but apple cider vinegar may also have a powerful effect.

Vinegar has been shown to have numerous benefits for insulin function and blood sugar levels:

Improves insulin sensitivity during a high-carb meal by 19-34% and significantly lowers blood glucose and insulin responses
Reduces blood sugar by 34% when eating 50 grams of white bread
2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar before bedtime can reduce fasting blood sugars by 4%
Numerous other studies, in both rats and humans, show that vinegar can increase insulin sensitivity and significantly lower blood sugar responses during meals

4. There Are Some Studies Showing That Apple Cider Vinegar Can Help With Weight Loss

Given that vinegar lowers blood sugar and insulin levels, it makes sense that it could help you lose weight.

Several human studies suggest that vinegar can increase satiety, help you eat fewer calories and even lead to actual pounds lost on the scale.

Vinegar along with high-carb meals can increase feelings of fullness and make people eat 200-275 fewer calories for the rest of the day 

By reducing calorie intake, this should translate to reduced weight over time.

A study in obese individuals showed that daily vinegar consumption led to reduced belly fat, waist circumference, lower blood triglycerides and weight loss 

15mL (1 tablespoon): Lost 2.6 pounds, or 1.2 kilograms.

30mL (2 tablespoons): Lost 3.7 pounds, or 1.7 kilograms.

However… keep in mind that this study went on for 12 weeks, so the true effects on body weight seem to be rather modest.

That being said, just adding/subtracting single foods or ingredients rarely has a noticeable effect on weight.

It’s the entire diet/lifestyle that counts… you need to combine several effective methods to see results.

Overall, it seems like apple cider vinegar may be useful as a weight loss aid, mainly by promoting satiety and lowering glucose and insulin levels.

But it won’t work any miracles on its own.

5. Apple Cider Vinegar May Have Some Benefits For Heart Health

Cardiovascular disease (heart disease and stroke) is currently the world’s biggest cause of death 

It is known that several measurable biological factors are linked to either a decreased or increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Several of these “risk factors” have been shown to be improved by vinegar consumption… but all of the studies were done in rats.

These rat studies showed that apple cider vinegar can lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels (20, 21).

Apple cider vinegar may also contain the antioxidant chlorogenic acid, which has been shown to protect LDL cholesterol particles from becoming oxidized, a crucial step in the heart disease process 

There are also some studies showing that vinegar reduces blood pressure (a major risk factor) in rats 

Unfortunately, what works in animals doesn’t always work in humans.

The only human evidence is an observational study from Harvard showing that women who ate salad dressings with vinegar had a reduced risk of heart disease

But this type of study can only show an association, it can not prove that the vinegar caused anything.

6. Vinegar May be Protective Against Cancer

Decanter With Apple Cider Vinegar

Cancer is a terrible disease, characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells.

There is a lot of hype online about the anti-cancer effects of apple cider vinegar.

Some studies have shown that vinegar can kill cancer cells and shrink tumors 

However, all of the studies on this were done in isolated cells in test tubes, or rats, which proves nothing about what happens in a living, breathing human.

Additionally, most of the studies were done on rice vinegar, not apple cider vinegar.

That being said, some observational studies (which don’t prove anything) have shown that vinegar ingestion is linked to decreased esophageal cancer in China, but increased bladder cancer in Serbia 

Overall… it is possible that apple cider vinegar may help to prevent cancer, but it is definitely premature to make any recommendations based on the current research.

http://authoritynutrition.com/6-proven-health-benefits-of-apple-cider-vinegar/

What is a proxy server?

What is a proxy server?

A proxy server is computer that functions as an intermediary between a web browser (such as Internet Explorer) and the Internet. Proxy servers help improve web performance by storing a copy of frequently used webpages. When a browser requests a webpage stored in the proxy server's collection (its cache), it is provided by the proxy server, which is faster than going to the web. Proxy servers also help improve security by filtering out some web content and malicious software.

Proxy servers are used mostly by networks in organizations and companies. Typically, people connecting to the Internet from home will not use a proxy server.

http://windows.microsoft.com

Payphone - Maroon 5 (Jayesslee)

what is mitm attack?

 In cryptography and computer security, a man-in-the-middle attack (often abbreviated to MITM, MitM, MIM, MiM or MITMA) is an attack where the attacker secretly relays and possibly alters the communication between two parties who believe they are directly communicating with each other. One example is active eavesdropping, in which the attacker makes independent connections with the victims and relays messages between them to make them believe they are talking directly to each other over a private connection, when in fact the entire conversation is controlled by the attacker. The attacker must be able to intercept all relevant messages passing between the two victims and inject new ones. This is straightforward in many circumstances; for example, an attacker within reception range of an unencrypted Wi-Fi wireless access point, can insert himself as a man-in-the-middle.

As an attack that aims at circumventing mutual authentication, or lack thereof, a man-in-the-middle attack can succeed only when the attacker can impersonate each endpoint to their satisfaction as expected from the legitimate other end. Most cryptographic protocols include some form of endpoint authentication specifically to prevent MITM attacks. For example, TLS can authenticate one or both parties using a mutually trusted certification authority.

example:

Suppose Alice wishes to communicate with Bob. Meanwhile, Mallory wishes to intercept the conversation to eavesdrop and possibly (although this step is unnecessary) deliver a false message to Bob.

First, Alice asks Bob for his public key. If Bob sends his public key to Alice, but Mallory is able to intercept it, a man-in-the-middle attack can begin. Mallory sends a forged message to Alice that claims to be from Bob, but instead includes Mallory's public key.

Alice, believing this public key to be Bob's, encrypts her message with Mallory's key and sends the enciphered message back to Bob. Mallory again intercepts, deciphers the message using her private key, possibly alters it if she wants, and re-enciphers it using the public key Bob originally sent to Alice. When Bob receives the newly enciphered message, he believes it came from Alice.

http://en.wikipedia.org

Health Benefits of Raw Organic Sheep's Milk

Sheep milk is not as popular as cow milk in the United States, but sheep milk and its products are widely consumed in other parts of the world, especially in the Mediterranean. In fact, Greek feta cheese and Italian ricotta cheese are made from sheep milk. Sheep milk is rich in many nutrients, but it is not recommended that you drink it raw. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration or FDA states that drinking raw milk is a health risk because it can contain bacteria such as E. coli. The FDA also assures that pasteurization does not degrade the milk’s nutritional quality in any way.

Protein and Carbohydrate

Sheep milk is richer in protein than either cow or goat milk -- it contains about two percent more. You will find 14.7 grams of protein, or 29 percent of the recommended daily intake, in a 1-cup serving of sheep milk. Protein from mammalian milk is of high quality because it contains all essential amino acids. Getting enough protein is important because your body needs it to grow and repair itself. Sheep milk is also higher in lactose than cow and goat milk and is therefore not recommended for lactose-intolerant individuals.

http://www.livestrong.com

Compared sugar with brown sugar

China denies involvement in Outlook.com attack

The Chinese government has denied any involvement in a recent cyber attack against Microsoft's Outlook.com, and it even went as far to accuse a watchdog group of slander for suggesting that the country could be behind it.

"The Chinese government is a staunch defender of the Internet's security, and resolutely opposes any form of cyber attack," the Cyberspace Administration of China said on Thursday.

On Saturday, Microsoft's email service faced a brief "man-in-the-middle" style attack in China, according to the watchdog and anti-censorship group GreatFire.org. Microsoft later confirmed the attack took place, stating that a "small number of customers" were being routed to a server impersonating Outlook.com

Although the hacking attempt lasted only a day, it was just the latest man-in-the-middle style attack to hit a foreign Internet service in China. In October, Apple's iCloud faced a similar attack, and weeks before that, Yahoo as well.

GreatFire.org and other security analysts suspect that Chinese authorities could be behind the attacks, given that the hackers would need access to China's state-owned Internet service providers to launch them.

China has always rejected claims that the country sponsors hacking attempts, so Thursday's denial was no surprise. But the country's cyber authority also blasted GreatFire.org for alleging that the government could have a role behind the Outlook.com attack.

"This is unprovoked speculation, and purely amounts to disinformation and slander from anti-China forces based abroad," the government office said.

In addition to monitoring cyber attacks in China, GreatFire.org is also notable for its activism to undermine the country's online censorship. It's done this by creating functioning mirror sites to foreign internet services that have been blocked in China.

The country's government, however, isn't pleased. In the same posting, the cyber authority's spokesman Jiang Jun accused GreatFire.org of launching "unprovoked attacks" against the Chinese government.

He also alleged GreatFire.org of using the Outlook.com hacking attempt as a way to "incite discontent", after China had recently shut down a swath of illegal Internet sites and social media accounts.

In response, GreatFire.org on Friday questioned why Chinese authorities weren't doing more to investigate the recent man-in-the-middle attacks.

"If CAC (Cyberspace Administration of China) claims they are not responsible, how could someone get into the backbone of the Chinese Internet and implement nation-wide attacks for six times over the course of two years without being noticed?" the group said in an email.

"All of our writings are backed up by hard data," the group added. "How is it groundless?"

GreatFire.org has said it was founded by three members, without the aid of any other groups. The members have yet to reveal their identities for security reasons. But one of them said back in 2012 that he was a foreigner living in China, and previously worked as a Web developer.

Google reveals Mac security holes before Apple's fix is ready

Microsoft isn't the only big tech firm grappling with surprise security flaw disclosures these days. Google's Project Zero security unit revealed at least two unpatched vulnerabilities in OS X (Yosemite appears to have mitigated a third) that theoretically help attackers take control of your Mac. The search company says it privately notified Apple about the holes back in October, but automatically published the details after Project Zero's usual 90-day cutoff period. Apple's usual policy is to decline comment on exploits like this until it has a solution. However, relief is at least relatively close -- iMore reports that an upcoming Yosemite update (10.10.2) is expected to tackle these flaws. The main question is whether or not Apple can deliver its fix before malware writers find a way to use those bugs for sinister purposes.



http://www.engadget.com/2015/01/23/google-reveals-zero-day-mac-exploits/

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Cooking, health, children, parents, text, movie and interview the stars, and the world's newest musical, technological, political, social, economic, sporting and read hundreds of articles and other interesting

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lync server vs cisco router

hi

LYNC
A program developed for video conferencing, chat, telephone center  (can be replaced PBX)
The ability to communicate with exchange  mail server and outlook
As can communicate with the Portal Builder(share point) ok
So you can have a social network like Facebook by SharePoint
 you can have a mail server  like yahoo by exchange
you can have a Messenger  like yahoo Messenger by lync server

 best feature lync server

Reduced price why?

Suppose you live in the United States Your friend in China, you can communicate friend by internet  like skype 

You can  lync replace pbx  reduce use important  phone in network

based work PSTN  TDMA(wireless network ) QOS، VOIP، IPT (In the future ipv6) 

BIG problem :(

You must be a member active directory  (domain services)

how to solve? 
1 use RADIUS  ldap Authentication 

2store account radius in sql server 

3router cisco conect to radius  and WID،SQL SERVER 

crate a web site optional name=

 sharifi.com

you use  ip http sever Authentication  for cisco router  and   LDAP Authentication 

finish step store account in database authentication by ACDS  and lync use account 

example  alex@sharifi.com 

NOTE

1 router  should support URPF 

2 use static ip address 

3 use QOS for router Otherwise you will have delayed 

4 use a DDNS (optional) Speed up 

GOOD LUCK